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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 25(5): 101631, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350325

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Brazil has a high number of HTLV-1/2 infections which are unequally distributed in the country. Most prevalence studies have focused on specific populations, such as blood donors and pregnant women. Some areas, for example the state of Bahia, have robust information about HTLV-1/2 infection, however there is no information available about this infection in the general population of Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Objective: To determine the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection in adults from the municipality of Vitoria, ES. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed from September 2010 to December 2011, in individuals of both sexes, aged 18 or older living in Vitoria-ES. Venous blood samples were collected and tested for anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CMIA). Individuals with CMIA reactive results were submitted to a new blood collection for retesting by CMIA, followed by PCR to confirm infection and discriminate the viral type. Results: From 1502 tested samples, eight were reactive in CMIA and all were confirmed by PCR. Therefore, the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 was 0.53% (8/1502, 95% CI: 0.2-1.0%). The infection rate was 0.7% in men (5/711, 95% CI: 0.17-1.51%), and 0.38% in women (3/791, 95% CI: 0 -0.81%). Conclusions: The prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection was 0.53% (8/1502; 95% CI: 0.2 -0.9%). Confirmatory test using real-time PCR (qPCR) identified seven individuals positive for HTLV-1 and one for HTLV-2. Considering the risk of infected individuals to develop high morbidity and mortality diseases, it would be important to implement public health policies aimed at stopping transmission of these viruses in this municipality. 2021 Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-I Infections/diagnostic imaging , Human T-lymphotropic virus 2/genetics , HTLV-II Infections/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , T-Lymphocytes , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 40(2): 147-151, mar.-abr. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-452613

ABSTRACT

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the possible effect of nematode infection on anti-HBs antibody levels in the serum of seven-year-old schoolchildren vaccinated at birth with the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Anti-HBs and anti HBc antibodies were evaluated in the sera of 100 schoolchildren with at least one intestinal nematode and/or a positive serological reaction for anti-Toxocara antibodies and in 95 schoolchildren without intestinal helminthiasis or serum anti-Toxocara antibodies. Both groups were from public elementary schools located on the urban periphery of Vitória, ES, Brazil. Among these 195 children, the median anti-HBs antibody titer was 31.3IU/ml and the frequency of titers less than 10IU/ml was 33.8 percent (95 percent CI: 27.1-40.4 percent). There were no significant differences between the medians of anti-HBs titers or the frequency of titers less than 10IU/ml between the groups with or without helminthes (29.5 and 32.9IU/ml and 33 and 34.7 percent, respectively; p>0.05). Even when the children with intestinal nematodes and/or anti-Toxocara antibodies and with blood eosinophil counts over 600/mm³ were compared with children without infection from intestinal nematodes and without anti-Toxocara antibodies, with blood eosinophil counts less than 400 eosinophils/mm³, these differences were not significant. None of the children presented anti-HBc antibodies. In conclusion, infections with intestinal nematodes and/or the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies did not interfere with the anti-HBs antibody titers in seven-year-old children vaccinated at birth with the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.


O objetivo dessa investigação foi avaliar um possível efeito de infecções por nematóides sobre os níveis de anticorpos anti-HBs no soro de escolares de sete anos de idade, vacinados ao nascer com a vacina recombinante para hepatite B. Anticorpos anti-HBs e anti-HBc foram avaliados no soro de 100 escolares portadores de pelo menos um nematóide intestinal e/ou uma reação sorológica positiva para anticorpos anti-Toxocara e em 95 escolares sem helmintíases intestinais e sem anticorpos séricos anti-Toxocara, todos matriculados em escolas primárias públicas situadas na periferia urbana de Vitória, ES, Brasil. Nas 195 crianças, a mediana dos títulos dos anticorpos anti-HBs foi 31,3UI/ml, e a freqüência de títulos inferiores a 10UI/ml foi de 33,8 por cento (IC a 95 por cento:27,1- 40,4 por cento). Não houve diferença significativa entre as medianas dos títulos de anti-HBs ou da freqüência de títulos inferiores a 10 UI/ml entre as crianças com ou sem helmintos (29,5 e 32,9 UI/ml e 33 e 34,7 por cento, respectivamente; p >0.05). Mesmo quando comparadas crianças com nematóides intestinais e/ou anticorpos anti-Toxocara com eosinófilos circulantes acima de 600/mm³, com crianças sem infecção com nematóides intestinais e sem anticorpos anti-Toxocara, com menos de 400 eosinófilos/mm³, aquelas diferenças não foram significativas. Nenhuma das crianças apresentou anticorpos anti-HBc. Em conclusão, infecções com nematóides intestinais e/ou presença de anticorpos anti-Toxocara não interferem nos títulos de anticorpos anti-HBs em crianças de sete anos de idade, vacinadas ao nascer com a vacina recombinante para hepatite B.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood , Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/immunology , Nematode Infections/immunology , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Ascaris lumbricoides/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hepatitis B Antibodies/immunology , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Nematode Infections/parasitology , Toxocara/immunology , Trichuris/immunology
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 38(6): 453-455, nov.-dez. 2005. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-419712

ABSTRACT

O objetivo desta investigacão foi avaliar os níveis de metabólitos do óxido nítrico na saliva de pacientes anti-vírus da hepatite C positivos na tentativa de correlacionar os níveis desses metabólitos com a presenca do VHC na saliva. Foram estudados 39 pacientes anti-VHC positivos (9 com enzimas hepáticas normais, 16 com hepatite crônica e 14 com cirrose hepática) e em 13 controles saudáveis, sem sinais ou sintomas de doenca hepática.O RNA do VHC foi identificado no soro e na saliva através de técnica de RT-PCR e os níveis de óxido nítrico foram avaliados pela quantificacão dos seus metabólitos estáveis, nitratos e nitritos. Os resultados demonstraram que os níveis de nitrito na saliva não diferiram significativamente no grupo anti-VHC positivo em relacão ao grupo controle, nem entre os grupo com presenca ou ausência do RNA do VHC na saliva. Os níveis de nitrito foram mais elevados no grupo com cirrose hepática do que nos grupos controle e anti-VHC positivos, sem cirrose hepática, mas as diferencas não foram estatisticamente significativas. A não observacão de níveis elevados de nitrito na saliva dos pacientes anti-VHC positivos é uma indicacão indireta de que a sialoadenite não deve ser freqüente nesses pacientes ou, se existe, é de intensidade não suficiente para modificar os níves de óxido nítrico na secrecão salivar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis C, Chronic/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/analogs & derivatives , RNA, Viral/analysis , Saliva/chemistry , Biomarkers/analysis , Case-Control Studies , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis C Antibodies/analysis , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Saliva/virology
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 38(4): 285-289, jul.-ago. 2005. mapas, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-411498

ABSTRACT

É descrita a prevalência de anticorpos antivírus da hepatite A em crianças de diferentes condições socioeconômicas matriculadas em escolas de ensino fundamental no Município de Vila Velha, na região metropolitana de Vitória, Estado do Espírito Santo. Os anticorpos anti-VHA foram pesquisados por ELISA no soro de 606 crianças (quatro a catorze anos de idade) de escolas fundamentais localizadas em bairros com diferentes rendas familiares: Escola São José, 200 crianças, renda familiar acima de US$700; Escola São Torquato, 273 crianças renda familiar entre US$200 e US$300; e Escola Cobi, 133 crianças, renda familiar menor do que US$200. De cada criança foram tomados dados sobre idade, sexo, cor da pele, condições sanitárias, freqüência de contacto com água de rio ou de mar e história de hepatite na família. Anticorpos anti-VHA estavam presentes em 38,6% de todas as crianças, 9% na Escola São José, 49,1% na Escola São Torquato e 61,7% na Escola Cobi. Análise de regressão logística demonstrou correlação entre o teste anti-HAV positivo com idade, pele preta ou mulata, ausência de esgoto domiciliar e de água filtrada e história de hepatite na família. A prevalência de anticorpos anti-HAV em Vila Velha foi menor do que a observada, no mesmo grupo etário, no Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, e foi maior nas crianças de piores condições socioeconômicas. Também, os dados indicam uma mudança no perfil epidemiológico da hepatite A no nosso meio, com um aumento do número de crianças e adolescentes com alto risco de infecção, especialmente nas classes socioeconômicas mais altas. Deve-se discutir a necessidade de vacinação para hepatite A nas crianças e adolescentes no nosso meio.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Hepatitis A Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis A Virus, Human/immunology , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hepatitis A/diagnosis , Hepatitis A/epidemiology , Income , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population
6.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 81(2): 155-161, mar.-abr. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-406511

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever as lesões pulmonares em uma série de necropsias de pacientes com idade de até 15 anos, falecidos em unidade de terapia intensiva, submetidos ou não à nutrição parenteral total. MÉTODOS: Seis fragmentos de cada pulmão de 114 crianças foram corados por métodos de rotina. Dos prontuários foram obtidas informações referentes aos dados demográficos, clínicos e de terapêutica. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o Programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTADOS: Os 114 pacientes foram separados em dois grupos: 50 foram tratados com NPT contendo emulsão de lipídios e os 64 restantes, sem nutrição parenteral total. Os grupos eram semelhantes em relação ao sexo (p = 0,654), à idade (p = 0,682) e ao peso (p = 0,175), e apresentavam diferenças significativas no que tange às seguintes variáveis: tempo de internação (p = 0,000), prematuridade (p = 0,008) e tratamento com hemoderivados (p = 0,009). Todos foram submetidos à ventilação mecânica durante o período de internação. Na análise univariada, as lesões relacionadas à nutrição parenteral total foram: dano alveolar difuso (p = 0,022), fibrose pulmonar (p = 0,019), hiperplasia de pneumócitos (p = 0,004), microtromboembolismo (p = 0,047) e tromboflebite (p = 0,033). A análise multivariada, levando em consideração a prematuridade, o tempo de internação e a idade, mostrou que apenas a fibrose estava relacionada, de modo independente, ao uso da nutrição parenteral total. CONCLUSAO: Embora as lesões pulmonares tenham sido mais freqüentes em pacientes tratados com nutrição parenteral total, não foi possível concluir que essa tenha sido diretamente responsável pela origem das lesões, tendo em vista que co-fatores como prematuridade e tempo de internação influenciaram significativamente no seu aparecimento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Lung/pathology , Parenteral Nutrition, Total , Hyperplasia/etiology , Hyperplasia/pathology , Length of Stay , Logistic Models , Multivariate Analysis , Parenteral Nutrition, Total/adverse effects , Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Pulmonary Embolism/pathology , Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology , Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology , Thrombophlebitis/etiology , Thrombophlebitis/pathology
7.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 9(1)Feb. 2005. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-404302

ABSTRACT

The adaptive immune response of the genital tract is under the control of sexual steroids; however, the influence of sex hormones on innate immune mechanisms of the genital mucosa are only beginning to be understood. We found that long-term estrogen treatment increases the risk for inflammatory pelvic diseases in adult non-castrated female rats. Female rats (110 g to 130 g) received estrogen (10 rats; 17-beta estradiol, 50 mg pellet; 10 rats: subcutaneous weekly injection of estradiol valerate 0.166 mg/kg). Ten rats received a pellet of 17-beta estradiol and were treated with amoxicillin, 50 mg/kg after the 90th day of exposure to estrogen. Three control groups of ten rats were also used. The estrogen-treated rats developed an inflammatory pelvic disease, with abscess formation after the third month of hormonal treatment. All the surviving animals were killed after six months of hormonal exposure. Among 15 survivors of the two groups that received estrogen 13 animals presented tuboovarian abscesses. Among eight survivors of the group treated with amoxicillin, six had tuboovarian abscesses. None of the 30 control rats presented macro or microscopic signs of inflammatory disease in the uterus, tubes or ovaries. We conclude that estrogen impairs the defense mechanisms of the genital tract of non-castrated female rats, enhancing bacterial growth in the vagina and ascending infection to the uterus, tubes and ovaries.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Estradiol/adverse effects , Estradiol/analogs & derivatives , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/chemically induced , Amoxicillin/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Estradiol/administration & dosage , Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects , Immunity, Mucosal/immunology , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Risk Factors , Time Factors
8.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 37(5): 409-412, set.-out. 2004. mapas, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-365849

ABSTRACT

O vírus Epstein-Barr tem variações geográficas na prevalência e na idade da soroconversão, e poucos estudos abordam estes aspectos no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-EBV em uma amostra de 283 crianças e adolescentes de 1 a 21 anos de idade, residentes nos bairros São Pedro (SP) e Praias (P) no município de Vitória, ES. A pesquisa de anticorpos anti-VCA foi feita por ELISA e a de anti-EBNA por um método de imunofluorescência anticomplemento, ambos utilizando kits comerciais. Os resultados mostraram 71% de positividade para o anti-VCA e 54% para o anti-EBNA. A freqüência do anti-VCA foi significativamente maior e a idade da soroconversão menor na amostra do bairro São Pedro. Maior freqüência de sorologia positiva para o anti-VCA foi encontrada entre os grupos de baixa renda e menor escolaridade materna. Esses resultados demonstram que a prevalência de anticorpos anti-EBV é alta na população de Vitória, sendo mais freqüente e precoce nas crianças e adolescentes de famílias de baixa renda e menor escolaridade, com curva de distribuição etária intermediária entre a observada em países desenvolvidos e subdesenvolvidos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/blood , Antigens, Viral/blood , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology , Capsid Proteins/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Educational Status , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis , Prevalence , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Socioeconomic Factors
9.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 37(2): 169-174, mar. 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-357452

ABSTRACT

Envolvimento do sistema nervoso, com manifestações clínicas, na infecção pelo Toxocara é raro, embora, nos modelos experimentais a larva freqüentemente se localize no sistema nervoso central. Uma revisão da literatura a partir de 1956, quando a síndrome foi descrita, até 2002, mostrou a publicação de 29 casos de neurotoxocaríase, dos quais em 20 havia relato de alterações clínicas e laboratoriais indicativas de meningite, ou encefalite, ou mielite ou radiculite eosinofílicas. Nessa comunicação estamos relatando observações em duas crianças que apresentaram sinais e sintomas neurológicos, com pleocitose e eosinofilia acentuada no líquor e com sorologia positiva para Toxocara no soro e no liquor. Sorologia para Schistosoma mansoni, Cysticercus cellulosae, Toxoplasma e citomegalovirus foram negativas no liquor, que era estéril nos dois casos. Houve melhora dos sinais e sintomas após o tratamento específico (albendazol e tiabendazol) nos dois casos. É apresentado um sumário dos principais achados nos casos relatados na literatura e se conclue que em casos de meningite, encefalite ou mielite com líquor apresentando pleocitose com eosinofilia acentuada, a suspeita de infecção parasitária deve ser levantada, sendo necessário sorologia especifica para diagnóstico e tratamento adequados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Female , Central Nervous System Helminthiasis , Toxocara , Toxocariasis , Albendazole , Anthelmintics , Central Nervous System Helminthiasis , Thiabendazole , Toxocariasis
10.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 36(3): 387-400, maio-jun. 2003. ilus, mapas, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-341065

ABSTRACT

A hepatite A é conhecida desde as antigas civilizações chinesa, grega e romana, mas o primeiro relato escrito se deu no século 18. O agente é um picornavírus, do genêro Hepatovírus e o RNA viral possui fita simples. Existem sete genótipos. Nas infecções naturais, os anticorpos das classes IgM e IgA säo os mais precoces, aparecendo junto com as primeiras manifestações clínicas, mas podem surgir apenas no final da primeira semana de doença. A infecçäo pelo vírus da hepatite A resulta em infecçäo assintomática, infecçäo sintomática anictérica, ou em infecçäo sintomática ictérica. A forma fulminante da hepatite näo é freqüente. O diagnóstico etiológico é feito pela pesquisa dos anticorpos anti-VHA da classe IgM, geralmente, pelo método de ELISA. Nenhum medicamento, exceto os sintomáticos, devem ser prescritos. A imunoprofilaxia passiva é feita pela injeçäo intramuscular de gamaglobulina anti-A e a imunoprofilaxia ativa através da vacinaçäo


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis A , Hepatitis Antibodies , Hepatovirus , Viral Hepatitis Vaccines
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 35(6): 571-574, nov.-dez. 2002. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-340053

ABSTRACT

We report the results of a retrospective study on the frequency of intestinal nematodes among 198 alcoholic and 440 nonalcoholic patients at the University Hospital Cassiano Antonio Moraes in Vitória, ES, Brazil. The control sample included 194 nonalcoholic patients matched according to age, sex and neighborhood and a random sample of 296 adults admitted at the same hospital. Stool examination by sedimentation method (three samples) was performed in all patients. There was a significantly higher frequency of intestinal nematodes in alcoholics than in controls (35.3 percent and 19.2 percent, respectively), due to a higher frequency of Strongyloides stercoralis (21.7 percent and 4.1 percent, respectively). Disregarding this parasite, the frequency of the other nematodes was similar in both groups. The higher frequency of S. stercoralis infection in alcoholics could be explained by immune modulation and/or by some alteration in corticosteroid metabolism induced by chronic ethanol ingestion. Corticosteroid metabolites would mimic the worm ecdisteroids, that would in turn increase the fecundity of females in duodenum and survival of larvae. Consequently, the higher frequency of Strongyloides larvae in stool of alcoholics does not necessarily reflect an increased frequency of infection rate, but only an increased chance to present a positive stool examination using sedimentation methods


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Alcoholism/parasitology , Feces/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Nematoda/isolation & purification , Nematode Infections/parasitology , Case-Control Studies , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Nematode Infections/diagnosis , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Strongyloides stercoralis/isolation & purification , Strongyloidiasis/complications , Strongyloidiasis/diagnosis
12.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 32(5): 517-22, set.-out. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-268917

ABSTRACT

A freqüência de miocardite associada à infcecçäo meningocócica em crianças foi descrita apenas em duas series de casos autopsiados (Estados Unidos e Africa do Sul). Nessa comunicaçäo relataremos a freqüência de miocardite em 31 crianças falecidas com doença meningocócica no Hospital Infantil N.S. da Glória em Vitória, E. Santo. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pelo isolamento da Neisseria meningitidis. Três secçöes ou mais, dos átrios e ventrículos, foram estudadas utilizando os critérios de Dallas para o diagnóstico morfológico de miocardite. A média de idade foi de 47,6 ñ 39,8 meses e o tempo médio de sobrevida após o início dos sintomas foi de 46,1 ñ 26,5 horas (12-112h). Miocardite foi identificada em 13 (41,9 por cento) casos sendo de intensidade mínima em 11 e de intensidade moderada em dois casos. Nenhum paciente apresentou quadro morfológico de miocardite grave, difusa. A freqüência de miocardite näo foi influenciada pelo sexo, presença de meningite, tempo de sobrevida após o início dos sintomas ou pelo uso de drogas vasoativas. A freqüência de miocardite aqui apresentada é intermediária entre as únicas duas séries relatadas na literatura (57 por cento nos Estados Unidos e 27 por cento na Africa do Sul). Embora confirme a alta freqüência de miocardite na doença meningocócica, investigaçöes säo necessárias para elucidar a contribuiçäo da miocardite para a disfunçäo miocárdica observada em casos de infecçäo meningocócica em crianças


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Meningitis, Meningococcal/complications , Myocarditis/complications , Chi-Square Distribution , Meningitis, Meningococcal/complications , Myocarditis/diagnosis , Myocarditis/physiopathology
13.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 36(3): 159-64, jul.-set. 1999. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-247952

ABSTRACT

Intravenous injection of BCG in rats induces protection against liver cell necrosis produced by CCl4. Impairment of hepatic mixed function oxidases by cytokines produced by activated Kupffer cells is the mechanism proposed to explain that protection. To verify the function of hepatic mixed function oxidases after Kupffer activation, the sleeping time after sodium pentobarbital anesthesia was evaluated in rats after intravenous injection of BCG. Male adult albino rats received BCG (50 mug, intravenous) and 48 h or 6 days after were anestethized with sodium pentobarbital (33 or 66 mg/g i.p.). The sleeping time was measured from the beginning of sleep until animal started having spontaneous movement and stand up on the forepaws. The results showed that the animals treated with BCG presented a significative increase in the sleeping time, indicating reduced inactivation of the pentobarbital, an indirect evidence of inhibittion of mixed function oxidase system. BCG treated rats showed hepatic and splenomegaly, both 48 and 6 days after treatment. Histology showed increase in number of mononuclear cells in the sinusoids in the liver and in the red pulp of the spleen 48 h after injection. Small epitheliod granulomas scattered in the hepatic lobules and in the red pulp were observed in rats killed six days after the BCG injection. Hepatocyte injury, induced by activated macrophages, would be not responsible for the reduced pentobarbital inactivation, because at six days there were several granulomas scattered in lobules, but the increase of sleep time in this group was similar to that observed in rats 48 h after injection of BCG. These results demonstrate that activation of Kupffer cells with BCG induces impairment of mixed function oxidase system soon as 48 h after injection of activator, probably due to production of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF alpha by activated Kupffer cells and other mononuclear cells migrated to the liver.


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Male , Adjuvants, Anesthesia/pharmacology , Cytoprotection , Kupffer Cells , Liver Diseases/pathology , Mycobacterium bovis , Pentobarbital/pharmacology , Sleep/drug effects , Macrophage Activation , Mixed Function Oxygenases/antagonists & inhibitors , Necrosis , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
14.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 40(4): 259-61, July-Aug. 1998. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-225886

ABSTRACT

Em Vitoria e grande o numero de caes soltos nas ruas, muitos dos quais infectados com Toxocara canis, sendo alto o risco de infeccao humana. Para investigar a prevalencia da infeccao com Toxocara em criancas no Espirito Santo, estudou-se a prevalencia de anticorpos anti-Toxocara em 100 soros colhidos aleatoriamente de criancas internadas no Hospital Infantil N.S. da Gloria, hospital pediatrico de referencia para o Estado. Todos os soros foram colhidos no periodo entre Outubro de 1996 e Janeiro de 1997. A media das idades foi 6,6+ ou -4,1 anos (1 a 14 aa., mediana de 6 aa.) e havia pacientes de todas as enfermarias do hospital. Sessenta e oito pacientes eram procedentes da regiao metropolitana de Vitoria e trinta e dois eram originados de 17 outros municipios do Estado. Os anticorpos anti-Toxocara foram investigados utilizando-se um teste ELISA-IgG, com antigeno de secrecao-excrecao...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Antibodies, Helminth/immunology , Toxocara canis/isolation & purification , Toxocariasis/epidemiology , Ascaris/isolation & purification , Brazil , Child, Hospitalized , Immunologic Techniques , Toxocara canis/parasitology , Toxocara/immunology
15.
Acta cir. bras ; 12(4): 231-4, out.-dez. 1997. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-262176

ABSTRACT

Absominal incisional hernias in rats has been produced resection of a segment of abdominal muscle. In an attempt to create a model of incisional hernia in rats, without resection of abdominal muscle, the following surgical procedures were performed: (a) Ratas anesthetized with ether were submitted to a 4 cm long median incision, supra and infraumbilical, followed by dissection of the subcutaneous tissue 1.5 cm laterally to the median line in each side: after, one incision was performed in the linea alba and peritoneum, with the same extension of the skin incision; the skin incision was sutured. (b) Rats were submitted to a suprapubic transveersal incision and a scissors introduced through this incision and used to dissect the subcutaneous tissue at least 1.5 cm for each side of median line; after, the linea alba and peritoneum were incised and the transversal skin sncision sutured. (c) For control, rats were submitted to a resection of a 2.5 x 4 cm of the abdominal muscles, creating a large defect in the abdominal wall. All the animal, submitted to the three different procedures, developed smiliar well constituted hernias. We concluded that abdominal incisonal hernias are easily induced in rats after an incision of the abdominal wall, without partial resection of abdominal muscle, since the subcutaneous have been dissected at least 1.5 cm laterally to the median line.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Male , Female , Disease Models, Animal , Hernia, Ventral/surgery , Abdominal Muscles/surgery , Rats, Wistar , Surgical Procedures, Operative
16.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 34(3): 157-62, jul.-set. 1997. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-209345

ABSTRACT

Kupffer cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver injury, but there is controversy about the effects of activation of these cells on the hepatotoxicity of chemicals and endotoxin. It has been shown that injection of Corynebacterium parvum in rats induces macrophage activation that protects against toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen, five days after injection, and this protection is due to inhibition of microsomal oxidizing enzimes and increased production of glutathion. To verify if the protective effect occurs soon after Kupffer cell activation, with different activators, male albino rats were treated with intravenous injection of BCG (0.5 ml with 7.5 10(8) bacilli), Corynebacterium parvum (30 mg/kg) or zymosan (7.5.10(6) yeast cells). Fourty-eight hours after the injection of one of the macrophage activators, the animals and rats treated with intravenous injection of saline (controls) received carbon tetrachloride by subcutaneous route (1 ml/kg of CCl(4), 3:1 in soybean oil). Fourty-eight hours after the animals were killed after ether anesthesia and fragments of the liver were fixed, paraffin embedded and the sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A Weibel grid with 168 points was used to estimate the percent volume of necrosis and severe hydropic degeneration. The results showed that the volume density of necrosis and severe hydropic degeneration were significatively lesser in rats treated with the three Kupffer cells activators. The protection was greater with BCG and Corynebacterium parvum than with zymosan. These results confirm that activation of Kupffer cell with three different activators can induce protection against liver cell injury produced by carbon tetrachloride in rats soon as 48 h after injection of activators.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Male , Carbon Tetrachloride/adverse effects , Cytoprotection , Kupffer Cells , Liver Diseases/chemically induced , Liver/pathology , Macrophage Activation , Mycobacterium bovis , Propionibacterium acnes , Zymosan , Necrosis , Rats, Inbred Strains
17.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 39(3): 165-70, maio-jun. 1997. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-201058

ABSTRACT

Para conhecer as principais características epidemiologicas do carcinoma hepatocelular no Brasil foi feito um levantamento de casos diagnosticados no período compreendido entre Janeiro de 1992 e Dezembro de 1994, em diferentes centros médicos de diferentes Estados. Foi solicitado o preenchimento de um questionário simples que perguntava sobre: idade, sexo, metodo de diagnóstico, acoolismo cronico, infecçäo com virus B (HBsAg) e virus C (anti-VHC), cirrose hepatica associada e niveis sericos de alfa-fetoproteina. Foram analisados 287 casos, com idade acima de 16 anos, provenientes de 19 servicos medicos dos estados do Para, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Säo Paulo, Parana, e Rio Grande do Sul...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis , Incidence , Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology , Climatic Zones , Morbidity Surveys
18.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 13(2): 213-8, jul.-dez. 1996. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-263431

ABSTRACT

Morphologic and morphometric studies of the myenteric plexus of the large intestine of the mouse were performed using supravital methylene blue staining. Male albino mice (70-80 days odl) were sacrificed after ether anaesthesia and the large intestine immediately removed and immersed in 0.1 per cent methylene blue solution in saline at 37 degrees Celsius and bubbled with air. After 25 minutes the intestine was rinsed and the lumen perfused with warm saline to remove the faeces. The caecum was sectioned and the colon was divided into three segments of the same length. The fragments, without opening the lumen, were mounted on slides and covered with coverglass for microscopic examination (4X and 10X objectives). At least 10 micrographs of each segment of intestine were used for the point counting method for evaluation of the surface area of the plexus (4x micrographs). For neuron count 10X micrographs were used. Neuron (pericaron0 volume and area were evaluated on 40X micrographs. The results shouwed: (a) the myenteric plexus in the large intestine of mouse is more dense in the proximal third of the colon than in the caecum and in the distal third of the colon; the number of neurons/cm2 is significantly less in caecum (24,352 + 4,807 neurons/cm2) and distal segment of the colon (6,5767 + 10,341 neurons/cm2) than in the proximal and intermediate segments (93,242 + 9,185 neurons/cm2 and 85,188 + 5154 neurons/cm2, respectively). The mean volume of the neurons was similar in the diferent segments of the colon (4549 + 3493 mum3).


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Coloring Agents , In Vitro Techniques , Intestine, Large/innervation , Methylene Blue , Neurons/cytology , Myenteric Plexus/cytology , Staining and Labeling/methods , Cell Count/methods
19.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 29(4): 359-62, Jul.-Aug. 1996. mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-187156

ABSTRACT

A possible association of the acute toxemic form of schistosomiasis and pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) has been recently suggested. As in the west of the Espírito Santo state schistosomiasis is endemic and PLA are frequently diagnosed in the Children's Hospital of Vitória we reviewed the records of the Hospital during the period from May 1991 to April 1993 to: a) identify all cases of PLA in which Schistosoma mansoni infection was present and b) annotate the procedence of each case to verify if there is an association of the two diseases. 65 cases of PLA were recorded and 39 had the result of a stool examination, being three positive for Schistosoma mansoni (7.6 per cent) and 26 for other helminth (mainly Ascaris and Trichocephalus). The procedence of the patients showed that only 7 (10.7 per cent) came from endemic areas. These results show that an association of Schistosoma mansoni infection and PLA was not significative in the country, where the acute toxemic form is not frequent. The great majority of PLA in this study came from the urban periphery of Vitória, where transmission of schistosomiasis does not occur but intestinal helminth infections are extremely frequent. The great majority of PLA in this study came from the urban periphery of Vitória, where transmission of schistosomiasis does not occur but intestinal helminth infections are extremely frequent. As 40 per cent of these PLA were cryptogenetic it is possible that the immunomodulation induced by intestinal parasites and the liver granulomas produced by the larvae of these helminths would be predisposing factors for pyogenic liver abscess.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Child , Liver Abscess/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Liver Abscess/etiology , Liver Abscess/microbiology , Liver Abscess/parasitology , Bacteremia/microbiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Feces/parasitology , Incidence , Schistosoma mansoni/isolation & purification , Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications , Schistosomiasis mansoni/microbiology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/parasitology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
20.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 27(1): 19-24, jan.-mar. 1994. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-148908

ABSTRACT

Adult mice were submitted to different degrees of protein restriction for five weeks (4.75, 9.5, 14.25 and 19 per cent of protein in isocaloric diets with normal content of mineral and vitamins), being subsequently infected with two strains of Trypanosoma cruzi: 10(5) trypomastigotes of Y strain or 10(4) trypomastigotes of CL strain. The same diet was maintained for all animals and the infection was followed up by evaluation of blood parasites, mortality and intensity of lesions in the heart and skeleton muscle. Only severe protein restriction (4.75 per cent ) induced decrease in resistance to the infection with both the Y and CL strains of T. cruzi, which resulted in higher parasitemia and mortality. The inflammatory lesions in heart and skeleton muscle were less extensive in groups with severe protein restriction despite the increased number of parasite in muscle cells. Depression of immune mechanisms could be responsible for the reduced resistance and reduced inflammatory reaction after T. cruzi infection in severely protein restricted animals


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/parasitology , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Acute Disease , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/mortality , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/blood , Chagas Disease/mortality , Chagas Disease/blood , Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage , Time Factors
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